To what extent has the UKs Vocational Education and Training (VET) Essay

What exactly degree has the UKs Vocational Education and Training (VET) framework added to an abilities hole Discuss regarding the UKs potential to gain from different nations VET frameworks - Essay Example 5). In spite of that, UK despite everything keeps on experiencing an aptitudes hole that has influenced its high economy. 3 This paper gives contentions that build up the interest degree played by the UK national VET framework in connecting the aptitudes hole. The point isn't to give a hypothetical investigation of UK’s execution, yet rather to reference execution structures to Australian and Germany VET frameworks by setting up what can be learnt. 3 The term Vocational instruction and preparing (VET) begins from the substance and reason for the preparation. Worldwide bodies characterize VET as the methods for getting ready occupation proficient fields for viable interest in the work advertise (Bosch and Charest 2010, p. 1). In any case, this definition may not fit the current instructive measurement that is described by college training that likewise gets ready people for the workforce under explicit callings. Along these lines, while advanced education is worried about the planning to the work advertise, professional preparing is progressively worried about before specialization for a word related field. For this paper, we will receive Brockmann’s (2008 p, 2). Meaning of VET a coordinated and extensive framework intended to offer students the capacity to act ably inside an occupation. 6 VET assists with coordinating individual aptitudes with work power and existing business sector needs, furnishes people with lower levels of instruction with created abilities that can empower them fit into the extending worldwide economy that has presented rivalry among nations. Professional preparing additionally enables youthful and unpracticed workers with ‘job ready’ abilities, and builds up a high gifted work power that empowers and nation ventures by expanding financial development (OECD 2011, p.7). 6 The general conclusive move from all encompassing to professional preparing as of late has prompted the UK to look for activities that target tending to her

6 Things Recruiters Wish Job Seekers Knew

6 Things Recruiters Wish Job Seekers Knew Working with selection representatives can be an amazingly advantageous approach to locate another jobâ€they frequently have associations and access to circumstances not accessible to the overall population. In view of their associations with employing chiefs, recruitersâ can likewise get your foot in the entryway for positions otherwiseâ difficult to break into all alone. They’re aware of everything and have seen it allâ€consider them work looking for specialists. The group at ResumeSpice, a resume composing and profession training administration created by selection representatives, has assembled a rundown of six things enrollment specialists wish work searchers knew. Spare yourself a ton of time and dismissal by taking this master exhortation to heart.Be explicit about what you want.Recruiters are proficient go betweens. They take your measures for in a position and match you with the position that best meets your requirements. For instance, while saying you need to discover a task the board job is a decent beginning stage, saying you need a venture the executives job for an oil and gas organization, that you’re keen on worldwide activities, and that you would consider exile work is a superior method to go.It might be irrational, yet an endeavor to show up â€Å"flexible† could be deciphered as unfocused. Enrollment specialists will have a superior feeling of where to begin if they’re not left speculating for details.You don’t need to email them each day.Recruiters love making a matches among businesses and competitors. It’s the premise of their whole employment, so a decent enrollment specialist will keep you insider savvy on where you stand and will give refreshes as they emerge. It’s redundant for contender to call or email each day. Most spotters will suggest a week by week or fortnightly email for impermanent assignments and each 2-3 weeks for direct recruit positions.Don’t take dismissal p ersonally.You win a few, you lose a few. Move with the punches. Tomorrow’s one more day. While we’re all acquainted with those aphorisms, being dismissed is still never simple. A selection representative can do all that they can to attempt to persuade an employing chief that you’re the ideal for a roleâ€but toward the day's end, the business settles on the choice and now and again they don’t explain to the scout why. It’s best to proceed onward and center your exertion around the following role.Have a refreshed and prepared to-submit resume.The destruction of the resume has been seriously exaggerated. Continuously have one primed and ready. Spotters will commonly offer knowledge on how you can fix your resume, however really reformatting and modifying your resume is up to you. In the event that you need assistance reinforcing your resume, an expert resume composing administration might be the best course to take.Be on your best behavior.Companie s pay enlisting and staffing offices to locate their most gifted ability, so consistently treat enrollment specialists as you would any business. They comprehend that you might be disappointed as you search for an occupation and most are glad to loan exhortation during a troublesome quest for new employment, yet it’s never a smart thought to vent your dissatisfactions at an enrollment specialist. Treat them ineffectively and they’re far-fetched to introduce you to their clients.There’s on schedule and there’s way too early.Because you need to intrigue an enrollment specialist, it’s common to need to show up instantly for your planned gathering. Be that as it may, there’s a scarcely discernible difference between showing up sooner than expected and showing up on schedule. A decent standard to follow is to not to check in over 10 minutes before your booked time. Of course, show up sooner than expected so that you’re not hurried and froz e when you stroll in the entryway, yet regard that most enrollment specialists won't have the option to see you thirty minutes before your planned meeting.This is unquestionably not a far reaching rundown of everything spotters wish you knew, however it should help guarantee you’re on the best possible way to progress with regards to keeping an extraordinary relationship with your recruiter.Savannah Ober is a resume author and vocation expert at ResumeSpice. Notwithstanding being a resume master, Savannah is likewise an accomplished corporate interchanges proficient, working with one of the world’s biggest worldwide organizations. Savannah has composed selecting ads for exchange distributions, made promoting insurance, composed public statements and writes, and created web based life content. Savannah holds a BA in English, experimental writing.

Medications to Treat ADHD in Children and Adults

Medications to Treat ADHD in Children and Adults ADHD Treatment Print Medications to Treat ADHD in Children and Adults By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Updated on August 10, 2019 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Paul Bradbury/OJO Images/Getty Images In addition to behavioral therapies, medications for your ADHD can be very helpful in reducing impulsiveness and hyperactivity  and increasing focus and attention. Lets gain an understanding of prescription medications people with ADHD can use to feel better and improve their symptoms. Stimulants Stimulant medications  are the most commonly prescribed medications for ADHD and have been found to be very effective in alleviating  ADHD symptoms. Stimulants  increase the level of the neurotransmitter dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. This improves inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity in people with ADHD. While stimulants are the classic medication of choice for ADHD  and are FDA-approved for treatment in children, about 10 to 30 percent of children and adults do not tolerate stimulant therapy or do not respond to it, according to a 2009 study in CNS Drugs. Also, some people respond to one kind of stimulant and not another. Some common side effects of stimulants include decreased appetite, insomnia, dizziness, increased anxiety, and/or irritability. Mild stomach aches, nausea, blurry vision, and a slight increase in blood pressure and heart rate may occur. Understanding and anticipating these side effects is helpful, as they can affect your adherence or willingness to take the medication. If you do experience any side effects from your stimulant medications, please discuss them with your doctor. Also, be safe and dont stop or change the dosage of your medication without medical guidance. There are a number of forms of stimulants available, like shorter and longer-acting medications. Extended-release stimulants are those that provide longer-lasting, continuous level of medication. They dissolve slowly and release the drug over time. The older forms of immediate release require that medication be taken every 3 to 5 hours. Types of stimulant medications for ADHD include: Adderall (amphetamine; dextroamphetamine)Concerta or Daytrana (methylphenidate)Desoxyn (methamphetamine)Dexedrine or Dextrostat  or Zenzedi (dextroamphetamine)Focalin (dexmethylphenidate)Metadate CD, Methylin, Ritalin (methylphenidate)Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine) Non-Stimulants The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a non-stimulant medication called Strattera (atomoxetine) for the treatment of ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults â€" its actually the first medication approved by the FDA for treating ADHD in adults. Strattera is a good option for people who cannot tolerate or take a stimulant medication for their ADHD. Its also a good option for people who are at risk for abuse or dependence on stimulant medications. Similar side effects are seen with Strattera, as with the stimulant medications, although they tend to be milder. These include loss of appetite, irritability, sleep disturbances, dizziness, abdominal pain, and fatigue. Other Medications Sometimes a person fails to respond to stimulants or Strattera for their ADHD or the side effects are intolerable. In these cases, a doctor may try another medication, like clonidine or guanfacine, which are FDA-approved in the US for treatment in children and adolescents. If a person can tolerate stimulants, clonidine or guanfacine may also be given in addition to a stimulant to increase its effects. Less commonly, a doctor may prescribe a medication like the antidepressant Bupropion to treat ADHD. Bupropion is  not FDA-approved for treating ADHD â€" meaning there is not enough scientific studies to back up its effectiveness and safety in treating ADHD. What This Means for You ADHD can be effectively treated with either behavioral therapies and/or medication. That being said, its important for individuals on medications for their ADHD to see their doctor on a regular basis. Be sure that your doctor or healthcare professional is experienced specifically with ADHD. For you, this means that youll be getting valuable input from a knowledgable source, who can better answer your questions about different treatment types. ADHD Discussion Guide Get our printable guide for your next doctors appointment to help you ask the right questions. Download PDF Medication benefits, side effects, and dosages need to be carefully monitored to ensure your safety and optimization of your health. If youre starting a new medication (or are already on medication) be sure to communicate any side effects, however minor, with your doctor as well. What to Know About ADHD Medication

ESL Beginner Reading Comprehension A Busy Day

In this dialogue, you will practice speaking about daily routines, as well as what is happening around the present moment in time. Notice that the present simple is used to speak about daily routines, and the present continuous is used to speak about what is happening around the current moment in time. Practice the dialogue with your partner and then interview each other focusing on changing between a discussion of daily routines and what you are currently working on. A Busy Day (two friends speaking in a park when they meet each other jogging) Barbara: Hi, Katherine, how are you today?Katherine: Im great and you? Barbara: VERY busy! Im jogging now, but later I have to do a lot!Katherine: What do you have to do? Barbara: Well, first of all, I have to do the shopping. We dont have anything to eat at home.Katherine: ... and then? Barbara: Little Johnny has a basketball game this afternoon. Im driving him to the game.Katherine: Oh, how is his team doing? Barbara: Theyre doing very well. Next week, theyre traveling to Toronto for a tournament.Katherine: Thats impressive. Barbara: Well, Johnny likes playing basketball. Im happy hes enjoying it. What are you doing today?Katherine: Im not doing much. Im meeting some friends for lunch, but, other than that, I dont have much to do today. Barbara: Youre so lucky!Katherine: No, youre the lucky one. Id like to have so many things to do.

The Lack Of Lack The Uniqueness Of Pilate - 1815 Words

Quan Wang focus on the uniqueness of Pilate in her article â€Å"The Lack of Lack: The Lacanian Androgyny in Pilate†, arguing that through the existence of androgyny, that is, the co-existence of femininity and masculinity value in one body, Pilate serves as a solution to the rigid gender dichotomy that demands females to live up in their appropriate gender roles assigned by patriarchal culture, and represents herself as a full and complete human being. While I agree that Pilate is one of the most exciting figures who carries symbolic significance in Song of Solomon, I consider applying the lens of androgyny to analyze her image as problematic, and further disagree with the understanding of her â€Å"wholeness† as a solution to the dilemma faced by†¦show more content†¦In addition to bravery, independence is also a trait shared by many female characters. For example, Ruth risks her own safety to travel alone at night to her father’s cemetery, just so tha t she can connect with the dead one she loved. Ruth and Macon’s daughter Corinthians developed a relationship with Porter, a tenant of her father’s property. Following her own will and relying on her independent judgment, Corinthians led her hair loose and went to bed with him, swearing that she would not â€Å"collect her hair into a ball at her nape† for anything in the world (202). The exertions of bravery and independence from the female characters might not be as drastic and thorough as Jake’s converting wasteland into farm and Milkman’s heroic quest to the South, due to the confinements black females faced in in the 20th century America, they nevertheless reveal the frequency and intensity of women declaring independence in Song of Solomon. Since Wang argues that Pilate differentiates herself from the female cast due to her androgynous nature that integrates masculine and feminine qualities, the critic implies that other female characters dis play only â€Å"feminine† attributes. However, Wang reaches such conclusion by assigning gender to neutral traits like bravery and independence, establishing a premise according to the stereotypical gender codification that invalidates the critic’s conclusion about the Lacanian androgyny inShow MoreRelatedThe Trinity Is An Area Of The Christian Faith2677 Words   |  11 Pagesbeing with the Father. Through him all things were made. For us men and for our salvation he came down from heaven; by the power of the Holy Spirit he become incarnate from the Virgin Mary, and was made man. For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate; he suffered death and was buried. On the third day he rose again in accordance with the Scriptures; he ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead, and his kingdomRead MoreCulture and Heritage Value in Switzerland, Lucerne5534 Words   |  23 Pageswhen con sidering the long term, Wehrli et al. (2011) states that diversity within the Lucerne tourism industry is crucial, since diversity increases resistance to crises (Baumgartner, 2008). This is the reason why Wehrli et al. (2011) argue for the uniqueness of Lucerne in terms of helping develop both the established culture which is preferred by older, traditional tourists as well as promoting and encouraging the growth of alternative culture which is favoured by younger tourists. Therefore, a moreRead MoreMarketing Plan for Smoothie Drink5556 Words   |  23 PagesStrengths | Weaknesses | * Healthy Alternative to Gain Energy * Innovative Marketing Team | * Intense Competition in Energy Drink and Fruit Smoothie Market * Lack of Available Funds * Various Alternative Products * Higher Priced Item | Opportunities | Threats | * Reaching Out to Health Conscious People Who Lack a lot of Free Time * Extend Product Line to Form of Energy Shot * Create a Wide Variety of Flavors | * Short Shelf Life * Natural Disasters and Disease Outbreaks

Chapter II Related Literature Free Essays

The aim of this project is to develop performance evaluation System to achieve quality education and training and maintain high academic standards in all education programs offered in the college. This Teacher’s Evaluation Information System for Department Heads of Manuel S. Never University Foundation Candelabra Incorporated is an automated system designed to use as a tool for the department Heads of MISCHIEF to monitor or observe the teachers under their department. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter II Related Literature or any similar topic only for you Order Now This system can conduct unit evaluation as a web based system that can lower the costs, increase timeliness of feedback and make the record keeping and analysis easier. The Teacher’s Evaluation system was developed based on RADAR Methodology. The framework of the system is based on Apache Web Server, Adobe Dreamier and Myself Database. Summary The main goal of the researchers is to develop student evaluation for their teachers for the improvement of teaching and consequently also of education results and to provide the students freedom of expressing their opinions and ideas about their concerns to their teachers. And Isis also develop to stimulate teachers to further their own improvement through learning about their strengths and weaknesses. The users consists in three categories the Department Head, Faculty and the Student. This will enable to all users to going. The Department Head will register all the faculty and students under his department and he will also assign all the students and the faculty member that they will evaluate. The Faculty can view the results of his evaluation and also the student comments. The Students will evaluate their teachers and give some comment’s regarding to the performance of his teachers. They can also view the profile of all the teachers. The research methodology that the researchers used is the RADAR, or Rapid Application Development where it is complete methodology covering systems development from business requirements to ongoing development. The researcher also used the Unified Modeling Language (JIMS) based free open source software tools in developing the application. PH programming language, Macromedia Dreamier, Apache and Myself are also used in developing the proposed system. The proposed system had been evaluated by the end-users to measure the functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability and portability of the proposed system. Conclusion The results of the research and development used in the creation of this application have successfully met the goals of this project study. The system s a manifestation of a software developed using PH programming language for creating web pages and the Macromedia Dreamier. Though it seems that social networking seems to very easy and simple web application, this project study had met the specific goals of the research. . The proposed system which has been developed of the researchers will serve as an automated evaluation for the teachers to ensure them to perform at their best to enhance student learning. And it supports the aspiration of the student to comment out the worst and even good things that they observe with their professors regarding their teaching behavior and ability. . This study mad e effective use of the TOAD Methodology, the Unified Modeling Language in the design of the system. PH and Macromedia Dreamier as the development tools, and My SQL as the database in creating the application. . Users and the respondent agree that the proposed evaluation system is a way to improve the process of the student evaluation for Teachers. The evaluation of the respondents on the questionnaires provided for the proposed system had made a great impact to the end-users and it revealed that the system will be useful and the evaluation has a good and fair result. Recommendations Upon gathering the results and examinations of the findings of the proposed system, the following are the researcher’s recommendations on future studies that will be conducted by future researchers: 1. It is recommended to enhance the design of the proposed system. 2. In order for the system to be more effective, future researchers may enhance the functionality of the system in terms of adding some features like evaluation of grades so that the system complies all the needs of the students. 3. Also, it is suggested for the future researchers to undergo further study about the new rends in the field of dynamic web developing. Synopsis After reviewing this study, the researchers have read that this study has the same characteristics that the proposed system will have. The only difference that the previous study and the proposed study will have is that the latter will have a supporting mobile application. The stud’s recommendations will be taken to account in developing the proposed system. A Web-Based Student Evaluation for Teachers of Manuel S. Never University Foundation Candelabra Incorporated This study was about a Web-Based Student Candelabra Incorporated. It has the purpose Of transforming the manual into a more systematic and computerized process. Abstract The project aims to improve the existing student evaluation for teachers to a more practical manner in order to develop the competence of the institution when it comes to evaluation management. This system entitled A Web-Based Student Evaluation for Teachers of Manuel S. Never University Foundation Candelabra Incorporated is constructed for use as a tool to benefit the students, teachers and administrators of the institution. The Web-Based Student Evaluation for Teachers was developed based on RADAR methodology. The framework of the system is based on Apache Web Server, Adobe Dreamier and Myself Database. Summary In general, the main goal of the proposed system is to alter the students manual evaluation into a more systematical and effective manner that is held within the university. Furthermore, the system is associated with the goals of developing the inconvenience of management of the evaluation and providing every concerned individual and effective tool for the accomplishment of their goals rest Ting for a better output. In this system, there are sort of users, namely the facilitator, the students and the faculty. The facilitator has the control of the entire evaluation. He will register accounts for the faculty and students for them to access. He will also take over the assignment of the faculty with its respective subject to the random selected students for the evaluation. As the student accesses his account, he automatically sees the assigned faculty with its respective subject that he will evaluate. He will response with the interactive form of the evaluation and just submit it. The faculty can browse the results from the evaluation for the observation of their teaching performance and influence to the students. Conclusion The study and the construction of the proposed system that is executed by the proponents for the development of the existing system have efficiently met its respective goals and objectives. It is successfully constructed by the use of the tools and techniques Of the modern technology such as the programming language of PH that is used for creating web application and the Integrated Development Environment (DID) of Macromedia Dreamier. The following statements are the considered objectives and goals that have been done productively: 1 . The proposed system that has been built by the represents has provided the facilitator an instrument that will promote the convenience of the management of the evaluation. It also provided the students a tool to conduct the evaluation effectively. Lastly, the faculties have been given the privilege to monitor their performances impact without any hassle. 2. The Object Oriented Analysis and Design (TOAD) methodology and the Unified Modeling Language (ML) have been used effectively for the software development. 3. The evaluation of the users and the respondents on the questionnaires portrays the effectiveness and usefulness of the system’s functionalities. The respondents provided a good and a fair evaluation on the proposed system. Recommendations Upon gathering the outcome from the researches and implementation of the proposed system, the following listed recommendations are cited for the studies that will be conducted by future researchers: 1 . It is recommended to develop and seek for more appropriate page design of the proposed system. 2. It is also advisable to include feature such as an automatic random selection of the students to promote the unbiased selection of the facilitator. 3. If possible, for gaining the competency of the system, it is recommended to lid and connect the system with the enrolment system of the University for an Automated Registration of the students and schedule management in the evaluation system. 4. Also, it is highly recommended to conduct further researches to gain more detailed information about the evaluation procedures to develop ideas that will contribute to its full effectiveness. Synopsis have a supporting mobile application. The stuffs recommendations will be taken to account in developing the proposed system. A Web-based System for Teaching Evaluation This research is an attempt to develop and implement a Web-based system to elect teaching evaluation data for summarize and formative purposes. The research entitled â€Å"Implementation of a system for on-line evaluation of teaching’ is a sub-project under the UGH-funded project â€Å"SEEP implementation†. Abstract This paper talks about a joint university (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, university of Hong Kong, and the Hong Kong Polytechnic University) effort to develop and implement a Web-based system to collect students’ evaluation of teaching on a large scale in local Higher Education Institutes. It is a subproject of the University Grant Committee funded project â€Å"Evaluation of Student Experience Project – implementation†. Title of the project is â€Å"Implementation of a system for on-line evaluation of teaching’. A trial run of the system was conducted in March in one of the University. Rest Its of the trial indicated that the majority of the students preferred the Web-based system to the traditional paper-based system for student evaluation of teaching. The response rate was also much higher than anticipated. The paper discussed key issues concerning the use of the Web for collecting teaching evaluation data and directions of future work. Synopsis A Teacher Evaluation System That Works Educators are among the most numerous of public servants, and K-12 education is one Of the most vital Of all public investments. Research shows that individual teachers are the most important school-related factor in student achievement gains, that effectiveness varies greatly between teachers, and that differences in effectiveness are not well predicted by traditional qualifications. Yet teacher performance in the classroom is seldom evaluated in any rigorous way. Commonly, a teacher is observed at most once a year by a principal who rates the teacher in the highest category unless some egregious fault is noticed. In efforts to improve educational outcomes for students and increase accountability for teachers, the public and policymakers are calling for a better approach to teacher evaluation, including more systematic observation of classrooms, use of multiple measures of teacher effectiveness, and more attention to using evidence of teacher effectiveness in improving student outcomes. Abstract Status quo approaches to teacher evaluation have recently come under increasing criticism. They typically assign most teachers the highest available score, provide minimal feedback for improvement, and have little connection tit student achievement growth and the quality of instruction that leads to higher student growth. A more comprehensive approach has been demonstrated for ten years by TAP†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ: The System for Teacher and Student Advancement. This system includes both classroom observations and student achievement growth measures, provides feedback to teachers for improvement, is aligned to professional development and mentoring support, and provides metrics for performance-based compensation. This paper describes the TAP system, and examines data from a large sample of teachers o assess the distribution of TAP evaluations and their alignment to student achievement growth. We find that TAP evaluations provide differentiated feedback, that classroom observational scores are positively and significantly correlated with student achievement growth, that TAP teachers increase in observed skill levels over time, and that TAP schools show differential retention of effective teachers based on these evaluation scores. Related System/Software Products Online Course Evaluation System Since 2006, the College Curriculum Council has worked to develop a flexible ours evaluation system that will help departments evaluate their courses and teaching more effectively. Following the Sac’s recommendation, the College piloted an online course evaluation form in spring 2008. Every semester since then, some version of the online course evaluation form has been made available to departments. Each semester’s form was revised according to extensive feedback from faculty, students, and departments. In fall 2010, the online course evaluation system was used by 22 departments. Emcee’s Teacher Evaluation System Emcee’s Teacher Evaluation System standardizes the evaluation process, revised opportunities for coaching and knowledge building, and helps talented teachers and education leaders realize their potential. By helping to identify areas of needed professional development and by improving the communication between teachers and evaluators, the evaluation process becomes a positive force for change. McRae has also created a corresponding software application in response to district requests for a valid and reliable online version of the process. Professional development for IT, central office staff, and school administrators is required to use the online tool. With this evaluation software, you can: Access evaluation forms from desktop, laptop, or notebook devices Aggregate data and customize reports by grade, subject, building, or district Export data for use in most databases (e. G. Excel, Access) Provide timely and effective feedback Track teacher performance longitudinally See both principal and peer observations in one summary report Teacher Evaluator: Teacher Evaluations For pad@ Any Web Browser Reedier Software’s Teacher Evaluator is a stand-alone, web-based application that can be accessed through a dedicated pad@ app and any web browser. No matter what SIS you use or if you are a private school, public school, district or diocese, Teacher Evaluator has the tools you need to schedule and complete evaluations quickly, effectively and unobtrusively. Comply with state mandated requirements. Raise professional standards and expectations. Identify strengths and needs. Streamline classroom walkout’s and data entry. Allow teachers to reflect, comment and self-evaluate. Set goals and track progress on growth and improvement plans. View and group evaluations by department, grade level, school and more. Features Benefits Evaluating staff can be a challenging task for any school. Each school has a unique approach with different requirements. Teacher Evaluator’s features make evaluations fast and accurate. Built-Len Form Builder with Pre-Loaded State Rubrics Create your own evaluation forms or copy and edit a pre-existing form with the built-in form builder. Have multiple forms for different departments, grade levels and schools. Teacher Evaluator includes pre-loaded state mandated rubrics. Custom Rating Scales, Goals and Improvement Plans Enter custom rating scales or use state-mandated rating scales to easily spot your top performing and under performing teachers while identifying strengths and needs. Set goals and create improvement plans. Reference goals while reviewing evaluations. Real-Time Dashboards Reports Data is always at your fingertips with dashboards and reports that track and compare how your teachers are performing individually, by department and by school within a district or diocese. Use the Excel†/ wizard to export data for state reporting and qualification for Race to the Top funds. Evaluation Scheduler To Help Manage Your Day Schedule evaluations and receive reminders on upcoming evaluations. Send your scheduled evaluations to your Google Calendar W, Outlook or iCal@. Improve Communication Between Evaluator Teacher Observe a teacher doing something noteworthy? Quickly take a photo, video or create a memo on the spot and have it sent to them via e-mail. Once evaluations are completed, teachers are automatically notified via e-mail and are provided with a direct link to view their evaluation. Teachers can comment on evaluations based on reflection before or after completion and electronically sign evaluations. Furthermore, self evaluations can be conducted by teachers to encourage professional development. Tiered permission levels allow proper access for teachers, department heads and administrators. How to cite Chapter II Related Literature, Papers Chapter Ii Related Literature Free Essays Chapter II. Review of Related Literature According to Jamal Natour and  Rewa Leila Anabtawi(2012), Purchasing counterfeited luxury products and downloading pirated items have becomemore common nowadays. Fashion and IT industries are affected negatively by consumers’supportive attitude towards piracy and counterfeits. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter Ii Related Literature or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many luxury branded companies havetheir exclusive brand names stolen by counterfeits producers. Likewise producers ofcomputer software, music, and movies are affected by individuals who download/streamtheir items for free. Consumers’ attitudes towards counterfeiting and piracy are importantto examine as to understand their acceptance and rejection towards counterfeits and piracy. The purpose of this thesis is to examine consumers’ attitudes towards counterfeits andpiracy. What is accepted and rejected by consumers? To answer the research questions, aqualitative method is used. The data is collected through semi-structured interviews with12 consumers of both/either counterfeits and piracy. The study is performed in Skane(Scania), Sweden, mainly in Malmo, Perstorp and Kristianstad. We implemented the Theory of Reasoned Action, Theory of Moral Reasoning, ConsumerTheory and different attitudes for analysing the empirical presentation. The result of thestudy showed that the interviewees had a more accepting attitude towards piracy while themajority of them had a rejecting attitude towards counterfeits. Due to the fact thatcomputer and IT have become a part of the everyday life for many individuals. However,the interviewees who buy counterfeits consume the items while they are on vacationabroad since the supply of counterfeits in the Swedish market is not very big. When itcame to piracy and counterfeited products, the age of the interviewees did matter to someextent. Also, price was one important element why consumers are interested in counterfeitsor download piracy. This study contributes to fill the gap in the lack of studies of consumers’ attitudes towardsboth piracy and counterfeits. The conclusions can be used as a guideline and tool forcompanies to be aware of consumers’ attitudes towards illicit products. (Parker, 1998) found out that Software piracy can be defined as â€Å"copying and using commercial software purchased by someone else†. Software piracy is illegal. Each pirated piece of software takes away from company profits, reducing funds for further software development initiatives. The roots of software piracy may lie in the early 1960s, when computer programs were freely distributed with mainframe hardware by hardware manufacturers (e. g. ATT, Chase Manhattan Bank, General Electric and General Motors). In the late 1960s, manufacturers began selling their software separately from the required hardware. Current illegal software in the US accounts for 25 – 50% of the software in use (see web sites below for further detail). Other countries often have levels of piracy well beyond that of the US. For example, Carol Bartz, the president and chairman of  Autodesk, Inc. (www. autodesk. com) reports that one of their flagship products, AutoCAD, has 90% of the computer-aided design (CAD) market in China, yet sales are virtually negligible due to the widespread acceptance of software piracy (Fighting Computer Crime: A New Framework for Protecting Information, Donn B. Parker, 1998). A number of annotated web sites at the end of this document contain information regarding estimates of software piracy throughout the world. Bartz also states that many software companies are reluctant to pursue the educational market due to concerns that several copies of purchased software may lead to millions of copies of illegal software, produced â€Å"in the name of educating children†. How to cite Chapter Ii Related Literature, Essay examples

The Plot Against America Review Essay Example

The Plot Against America Review Paper Essay on The Plot Against America Once upon a time I was a fascist. Then I thought of Adolf Hitlers genius. A great man who united the nation in the period of chaos and misery. It is necessary to defend itself I said to myself. His nation! I RUSSIAN -. I am proud rarely write reviews understandable to readers, someone says this style is probably still easier like mock readers. I want to tell about their memories, they are not as suitable for the review of this book. I realized that Hitler a genius in the classroom since the ninth. The ideas of National Socialism took root on my soil very easily. Perhaps this contributed to Hachiko, who flooded our city. National Socialism was a perpetual motion machine, leading me to the goal -. To become a Nietzschean superman  «Not blood unites the nation, I repeated to friends, holding a beer. A belief Orthodox!. Orthodox. No, to join the ranks of what a National Bolsheviks or there in the Slavic Union, I became a member of a fairly well-known monarchist organization. I was truly Orthodox. We will write a custom essay sample on The Plot Against America Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Plot Against America Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Plot Against America Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Remember the movie 1943 German director Shteyngofa Young Hitlerite Kveks? Cult film is not it? Even now, he reconsidered. So, I was Kveksom, such as a convinced Nazi, believers his divine Leader unfortunately have to point the solution in a vacuum The reason why I went from the Nazi world view banal and film history X does not fit.: did not find evidence of their race superior to others. National socialism stupid. no. Nationalism stupid. Blunt priori terrible. Today, trying to erase from his memory the terrible years. Happened. But until I read a novel by Philip Roth. Some novels, though specially climb in the brain and pull memories out. Such novels mock readers. For this, I love them. P.S. Nothing close to the shooter in the book you will not find, just an American story of the small town of Newark, that near New York City.

A Background of the Civil War Essay

A Background of the Civil War Essay A Background of the Civil War Essay Civil War Background In the mid-19th century, while the United States was experiencing an era of tremendous growth, a fundamental economic difference existed between the country's northern and southern regions. While in the North, manufacturing and industry was well established, and agriculture was mostly limited to small-scale farms, the South's economy was based on a system of large-scale farming that depended on the labor of black slaves to grow certain crops, especially cotton and tobacco. Growing abolitionist sentiment in the North after the 1830s and northern opposition to slavery's extension into the new western territories led many southerners to fear that the existence of slavery in americaand thus the backbone of their economywas in danger. In 1854, the U.S. Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which essentially opened all new territories to slavery by asserting the rule of popular sovereignty over congressional edict. Pro- and anti-slavery forces struggled violently in "Bleeding Kansas," while opposition to the act in the North led to the formation of the Republican Party, a new political entity based on the principle of opposing slavery's extension into the western territories. After the Supreme Court's ruling in the Dred Scott case (1857) confirmed the legality of slavery in the territories, the abolitionist John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry in 1859 convinced more and more southerners that their northern neighbors were bent on the destruction of the "peculiar institution" that sustained them. Lincoln's election in November 1860 was the final straw, and within three months seven southern statesSouth Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texashad seceded from the United States. Outbreak of the Civil War (1861) Even as Lincoln took office in March 1861, Confederate forces threatened the federal-held Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina. On April 12, after Lincoln ordered a fleet to resupply Sumter, Confederate artillery fired the first shots of the Civil War. Sumter's commander, Major Robert Anderson, surrendered after less than two days of bombardment, leaving the fort in the hands of Confederate forces under Pierre G.T. Beauregard. Four more southern statesVirginia, Arkansas, North Carolina and Tennesseejoined the Confederacy after Fort Sumter. Border slave states like Missouri, Kentucky and Maryland did not secede, but there was much Confederate sympathy among their citizens. Though on the surface the Civil War may have seemed a lopsided conflict, with the 23 states of the Union enjoying an enormous advantage in population, manufacturing (including arms production) and railroad construction, the Confederates had a strong military tradition, along with some of the best soldiers and commanders in the nation. They also had a cause they believed in: preserving their long-held traditions and institutions, chief among these being slavery. In the First Battle of Bull Run (known in the South as First Manassas) on July 21, 1861, 35,000 Confederate soldiers under the command of Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson forced a greater number of Union forces (or Federals) to retreat towards Washington, D.C., dashing any hopes of a quick Union victory and leading Lincoln to call for 500,000 more recruits. In fact, both sides' initial call for troops had to be widened after it became clear that the war would not be a limited or short conflict. The Civil War in Virginia (1862) George B. McClellanwho replaced the aging General Winfield Scott as supreme commander of the Union Army after the first months of the warwas beloved by his troops, but his reluctance to advance frustrated Lincoln. In the spring of 1862, McClellan finally led his Army of the Potomac up the peninsula between the York and James Rivers, capturing

10 Dream Jobs That Come With a Huge Paycheck

10 Dream Jobs That Come With a Huge Paycheck It’s very important to pick a job that makes you happy and keeps you fulfilled. Every career expert will tell you this is what makes a satisfying career. But most people also want to be successful. And why can’t you have both? There are dream jobs out there that will make you financially comfortable and emotionally fulfilled.Here are 10 good places to start.1. Petroleum EngineerProbably not your first thought, but these jobs have a median pay of almost $110k and employees report a high satisfaction rate. These jobs are also currently in high demand.2. DentistIf you can get through all the school and training required, you might find this career to be intensely rewarding- on all fronts. Your work is part medicine, part engineering, and part artistry. The hours are good; you’re in control of your schedule. And you’re literally making people smile. Median pay? Around $130k.3. SurgeonSurgeons are extremely  well paid. Sure, they have to go through a ton of e xpensive schooling and training and licensing to get where they are, but once they’re there, they make almost $300k per year in median pay. Neurosurgeons and cardiothoracic surgeons make even more.4. PediatricianIf you’re going the medical route and feel that you really would like to work with children, then this might be a good route. Median salary is about $147k and you get the satisfaction of helping to heal the whole family. Or you could make about the same and go into Obstetrics and Gynecology- with satisfaction rates almost equal,  or even become a CNM (Certified Nurse Midwife).5. AnesthesiologistOne last job in health care: anesthesiologists do crucial work in surgical settings but don’t do any of the slicing and dicing. Their median pay is nearly $300k.6. Product ManagerProduct Managers need a Bachelor’s degree in Business Management or another field. They lead the teams advertising a product and liaise with the public or target audience. Youâ⠂¬â„¢ll want to make sure you’re passionate about the product first, and that you have the required experience. Average salary: about $120k.7. VP of SalesTo be the VP of anything is probably a lucrative bet- and will require a great deal of working your way up. But everyone needs to have a goal, right? You can net an average salary well over $150k and be a major part of your company.8. Chief Technology Officer (CTO)Chief Technology Officers make an average salary of about $150k. They need a Bachelor’s degree in IT or Business/Finance, but they are really instrumental in making sure a company runs smoothly.9. Account ManagerYou’ll need a Bachelor’s degree in Business or Accounting or another related field, though entry-level positions might only require an Associate’s. But if you’re meticulous and have strong finance skills, this could be a great career for you.10. Senior Software EngineerIf you’re good with computers, this could be th e gig for you. The average salary is over $90k per year, and you get to be in charge of making sure the technology in your company runs the way it’s supposed to.

Rumelt's evaluating strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rumelt's evaluating strategies - Essay Example Whereas the strategies have the same objective of ensuring business success, they also draw various differences. In this short essay, I seek compare and contrast two of the criteria, advantage, and feasibility. One significant distinction between the advantage criterion and the Feasibility criterion is their approach with regard to company or organization’s mission. The competitive advantage strategy, unlike the feasibility approach, focuses on the differences among other organizations rather than on the firm’s common mission (Crouch 85). The criterion’s approach is not so much on how can this function be achieved but rather how the company can execute it either higher than, or at least as a substitute of the firm’s rivals (Crouch 86). On the converse, the feasibility criterion focuses wholly on the firm’s core mission, and therefore does not overburden the available resources, but rather focuses in appraising whether a strategy can executed within the available human, and financial resources (Windham, n.d). There is no comparison between firm’s available resources with other competing firms as it is with the advantage criterion, but keeping the focus on early appropriated resources. However, both Advantage and feasibility criteria correspondingly embrace innovative advances to financial expansion can both extend the definitive limitations and offer a competitive advantage, though it might be only temporary. Another difference between feasibility and advantage is that, feasibility tends to focus its evaluation on long-term strategies whereas an advantage aims at what can be invoked right away to bring positive change specifically. Through feasibility, an organization has to be evaluated to see that it demonstrates competencies necessitated by the strategy. Honestly, from such an approach, it cannot give details of each action demanded to be initiated by the strategy. Therefore, the purpose of the

Issues in global economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Issues in global economy - Essay Example In turn, more economic growth was observed and many new jobs were created. In other words, new companies, business organisations and enterprises joined the arena that not only resulted in healthy economic growth but also in stiff competition among existing entities. Businesses, therefore, started making innovations and developments in their production process and finished products so that they could differentiate their produce from the rivals in the same industry. Nevertheless, this competition benefited people in a way that they now had more variety of products at their disposal. The emergence of media, especially after popularity of ‘Penny Press’ was another reason that enhanced the knowledge of people about their surroundings while it also enhanced the flow of information. Businesses started understanding the importance of advertising, branding, research and marketing intelligence in order to ensure their survival, growth and sustainability. Also, they started producing highly sophisticated and modern machinery to speed up their operation and improve productivity. The media, especially newspapers, has also become popular by the end of 19th century. Finally, important inventions such as advent of Television and Internet in the 290th century helped introducing the world with an entirely new concept of globalisation that talks about international markets, international institutions (banks, universities, research centres and others etc.), global politics, justice, global culture etc. In short, people are closely knitted after recent advancements i n internet and communication media and the subsequent improvements in circulation and sharing of information among people from different communities and geographic regions. The relationships among people and their frequent communication have also created enormous business opportunities after emergence of global markets that in turn have increased global trade (through imports and exports).

Role of Genetics in Myopia

Role of Genetics in Myopia Myopia, also known as short-sightedness, is a refractive error defined as an optical condition where parallel light rays entering the eye are focussed before the retina, resulting in a blurred image. Optical correction of this refractive error can be done with spectacles, contact lenses and surgical procedures such as photorefractive keratectomy. People with myopia are usually classified into two groups, low to moderate myopia (0.00D to -6.00D) or high/pathological myopia (greater than -6.00D). High myopia is also known as pathological myopia because it is often associated with sight threatening ocular conditions such as retinal detachment, macular degeneration, and glaucoma (Fredrick, 2002). Also systemic findings of many genetic syndromes such as Marfan and Stickler syndromes have myopia as consistent feature (Terri et al., 2004). Throughout the world myopia is a common cause for visual disability particularly in underdeveloped countries where the health care is poor or even non-existent. Myopia currently affects over 1.5 billion worldwide and this  is expected to increase to approximately 2.5 billion by the year 2020 (Dirani et al., 2006a). Prevalence varies between countries and ethnicities, reaching as high as 9 out of 10 people affected in some Asian populations such as Singapore and China (Chow et al., 1990; Wong et al., 2000). Epidemiological studies show that the prevalence of myopia is increasing and this is becoming a significant public health problem (Fredrick, 2002; Paluru et al., 2003; Saw et al., 1996). As well as needing resources for optical correction of myopia, the associated increased risk of vision loss has further economic and social implications for the population. Therefore extensive research is being carried out to understand the mechanisms and factors underlying myopia development in aim to reduce the incidence of myopia. An emmetropic eye is one that has zero or negligible refractive error. Most babies are born hypermetropic (long-sighted) and emmetropisation is the process by which the eye goes through changes to reach emmetropia, this occurs within the first 5-8 years of life (Fredrick, 2002). The simple reason for the increasing prevalence of myopia may be due to changes in environment, especially modernisation of the underdeveloped world which is partly due to improved education infrastructure and the technological/internet revolution. This means people are now using their eyes for near tasks such as computing much more than before. Therefore this near visual experience may have some influence in the emmetropisation process, resulting in the eyes becoming myopic instead of emmetropic. However there are many studies, such as twin and family history studies that have also found a strong positive correlation between genetics and myopia (Hammond et al., 2001). Other studies have mapped particular gen es that influence the onset of myopia or predispose an individual to becoming myopic. It seems there is some interaction between environment and genetics and how they influence the onset and progression of myopia but the relative contribution of each is not fully understood (Saw et al., 1996). Identifying potential myopia disease genes will help us understand the pathophysiological mechanisms behind myopia development. The potential for this in the future would be the ability to identify individuals at risk from myopia and help develop preventative therapies (Tang et al., 2008). This dissertation will aim to explore the role of genetics in myopia and review the current genes that have been identified to be associated with myopia. There are multiple ways to help identify genes associated with myopia, and researchers often employ a combination of techniques to further validate their findings. Genes are identified using genetic markers and genetic mapping techniques, these are explained further below. Genetic markers A genetic marker is a gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome. It is usually described as a variation, which may be due to mutation or alteration in the genomic loci. This variation is what helps researchers identify genes associated with a particular trait like myopia. Genetic markers can be short DNA sequences, such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), or long sequences such as microsatellites. SNPs are polymorphic markers that are variations in the DNA sequence occurring when a single nucleotide in the genome differs between two members of the same species (Warthmann et al., 2007). For example people with myopia will have a common SNP compared to those without. Microsatellites are short sections of DNA made up of repeating units containing 10-60 base pairs. Although microsatellites may have different or unknown repeating units, the repeating unit within the microsatellite is relatively constant (Dorland, 2007). The number of repeating units varies between individuals in a species i.e. they vary in length and these differences in DNA can be detected via capillary gel electrophoresis (Tang et al., 2008). Microsatellites have a high level of polymorphism that makes them another useful tool to help identify genetic markers. Genetic maps are made up of many microsatellites with known positions; this allows genes to be located relative to the microsatellites. Genetic mapping The aim of genetic mapping is to assign DNA fragments to chromosomes, which eventually accumulates to a complete genetic map for a condition. There are two methods for genetic mapping; linkage analysis and association study (Tang et al., 2008). Each method has its own advantages that help overcome different situations. Linkage analysis Linkage analysis is based on the link between loci (locations of genes). If two loci are inherited together on the same chromosome then they are said to be linked. Meiosis results in genes being recombined from parent chromosomes into a new combination in the offspring and this crossing over of DNA can cause alleles previously on the same chromosome to be separated. Therefore if two loci are closer together, the possibility of them being inherited together is greater i.e. there is a reduced chance of alleles being separated and therefore the offspring is more likely to inherit parental traits. Linkage studies aim to uncover genetic markers that are linked to disease genes with the potential to identify other genes as possible disease gene candidates (Terri et al., 2004). Association studies (FIND BOOK REF) An association study is another route to help identify susceptibility genes when studying a multifactorial disease like myopia. Association studies are different from linkage studies in that a common allele is associated with the disease where as linkage study allows different alleles to be associated with the disease in different families (Cordell et al., 2005). There are two separate approaches that an association study can take, it can either be population-based or family based. The main aim is to compare DNA samples from affected individuals against non-affected individuals similar to case-control studies. If the findings show a common allele in the affected individuals that is not found in the controls then it can be assumed that this allele is positively associated with a specific disease (Zhang et al., 2010). Population-based association studies take a sample of people from the population and compares genetic markers between affected individuals (cases) and unaffected individuals (controls). The two groups must be unrelated (no blood relation) although the human population does share common ancestry and so it can be argued that the wider population is just an extended family (Tang et al., 2008; Cordell et al., 2005). Small genetic differences can be detected for complex traits using population-based studies and this can produce powerful results but there may be a confounding effect due to population stratification. Therefore a careful selection of cases and controls is required for a good quality association study. Family-based association studies involve nuclear families consisting of affected offspring and their parents. It is presumed that the non-transmitted alleles from the parents act as internal controls and the transmitted alleles act as the cases. This means family-based studies eliminate any mismatching between cases and controls, therefore avoiding any chance association due to population stratification (Tang et al., 2008). GENETIC INFLUENCE ON MYOPIA Many studies have been conducted to help identify the exact role of genetics in myopia onset and progression. As myopia seems to be multifactorial, twin and family studies are performed to help differentiate between the genetic influence and other factors such as an environmental influence. Twin studies There are two types of twin pairs; monozygotic and dizygotic. Identical twins are known as monozygotic i.e. they originated from the same fertilised ovum, where as dyzgotic twins originate from two separately fertilised eggs therefore their DNA is not identical. In 2001 a classic twin study was performed by Hammond et al. using 226 monozygotic and 280 dizygotic twin pairs from the UK, all female and aged between 49 and 19 years old. The study looked at heritability values of refractive error and found a much higher correlation in monozygotic twins compared to dizygotic twins; this can be seen in fig 1. This suggests there is a strong genetic influence when inheriting refractive error since monozygotic twins have identical DNA and dyzogitc twins only share up to half their DNA. However heritability is population specific, and if this study was repeated for another population sample with a different gene pool or environment then similar results may not be seen (Hammond et al., 2001). A more recent study carried out by Dirani et al. in 2006 was composed of 345 monozygotic and 267 dizygotic twin pairs aged between 18 and 88 years old. Twins were recruited from Australia both male and female. Again the study found similar results to above; a significantly higher correlation was found in the monozygotic than the dzygotic twin pairs. The study found that the high heritability can explained by additive and dominant genetic effects which suggests there are multiple genes involved in the aetiology of myopia (Dirani et al., 2006b). Many other twin studies have also reported on the importance of genetic factors in myopia (Teikari et al., 1980; Hu, D., 1981; Miller, E. M., 1995; Dirani et al., 2008). This leads one to conclude that genetics plays an important role in myopia development. However twin studies do rely on a common assumption that all twins share a similar environment (Dirani et al., 2006a). This way the studies performed can assume all results are are relative with no significant environmental discrepency i.e. there is no confounding effect as long as the assumption holds true. Although twin studies show good evidence of genetics influencing myopia, some argue they do not apply to the singleton population as twin studies rely on contestable assumptions (Hammond et al., 2001; Morgan et al., 2005). An alternative approach to studying the genetic influence is to conduct a familial study. Familial studies Familial studies concentrate on the heritability value of a condition being passed on from parents to their offspring. If there is a family history of particular condition then there is a greater probability that the children will inherit the same condition. For myopia, there is a higher risk of the children developing the condition if one or both parents have myopia compared to children without myopic parents (Zadnik et al., 1994). A study surveying 2888 children in China and Hong Kong found the prevalence of myopia to be 7.3% if neither parent was myopic, 26.2% if one parent was myopic and 45% if both parents were myopic, reinforcing the view of a strong genetic influence in myopia (Yap et al., 1993). Although this seems like a genetic predisposition to myopia, there is a possible confounding effect since family members not only share common genes but also share a similar environment (Morgan et al., 2005; Sperduto et al., 1996). Therefore when comparing families careful selection should be made to ensure a large difference in environmental circumstances does not exist between the families. If there is a difference in the environment then this should be factored into the results. Familial studies suggest that a gene-environment interaction exists but this conclusion must be used with an open-mind since parental myopia history can denote a genetic marker, a common lifestyle, or both (Saw at al., 2001; Young et al., 2007). Mendelian inheritance The classic Mendelian inheritance model has laws that state the inheritance of traits is linked to single genes on chromosomes in the nucleus. There are four modes of Mendelian inheritance; autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked dominant and X-linked recessive (Book ReF). There are genetic differences between forms of high myopia and low myopia (Olmedo et al., 1992; Pintado et al., 1992). Some studies have found a Mendelian inheritance pattern for myopia, particularly for dominantly inherited simple high myopia (Guggenheim et al., 2000). Young et al. found an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance identifying two loci for high myopia (Young et al., 1998a; Young et al., 1998b). A recent family-based study consisting of 162 Chinese nuclear families found an association and linkage between the myocilin gene (MYOC) polymorphisms and high myopia (Tang et al., 2007). Many other genetic linkage studies dealing with familial high myopia have also identified myopia loci with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance (Naiglin et al., 2002; Paluru et al., 2003; Paluru et al., 2005; Zhang et al., 2005; Nallasamy et al., 2007). However, similar studies have also found that myopia is likely to be influenced by multiple genes (Hammond et al., 2004; Wojciechowski et al., 2006) and other factors like environment (Morgan et al., 2005). This concept of a multifactorial disorder suggests that myopia does not conform to a single-gene Mendelian inheritance model (Ashton, 1985; Klein et al., 2005; Young et al., 2007). Therefore Mendelian inheritance patterns may only apply to simple high myopia i.e. low myopia and some forms of high myopia are comlex traits that do not conform to a Mendelian inheritance model. Complex trait myopia Myopia can be expressed as part of a syndrome, rarely as a monogenic form (typically high myopia) or most commonly as a complex disorder (Tang et al., 2008). A complex trait results from the interaction of multiple factors, each of which has a relatively small effect. Family studies show that myopia is more prevalent with a positive family history but it is not a single-gene defect and there may be an environmental influence. This multi-factorial inheritance suggests that the disorder is only expressed if a critical number of genes are inherited independently, and accompanied with an environmental influence i.e. near-work (Saw et al., 1996; Young et al., 2007). Many low myopia loci have also been mapped using linkage analysis (Hammond et al., 2004; Wojciechowski et al., 2006; Klein et al., 2007). However, the genes influencing myopia onset and progression are still not fully understood and research has continued to help identify potential candidate genes that may have a critical role in myopia development. Susceptibility genes Many genes are involved in eye development processes such as emmetropisation, and some of these have been suggested as candidate genes that make an individual more susceptible to develop myopia. PAX6 The PAX6 gene is part of the Pax family that are transcriptional regulators and have an important role in the developing eye. Mutations in the PAX6 gene have been implicated for the development of serious ocular conditions such as aniridia and congenital cataracts (Glaser et al., 1994; Hever et al., 2006). Varying the dosage of PAX6 gene in transgenic mice has been proved to influence eye size (Schedl et al., 1996). Therefore it is thought that polymorphisms in the PAX6 gene may be associated with developing a refractive error in humans. Hammond et al. (2004) carried out a genomewide scan of 221 dyzygotic twins and found 5 SNPs with strong linkage to the PAX6 gene but no associtaion, suggesting that PAX6 may influence myopia development. Another study perfomed by Simpson et al. (2007) used 25 tag SNPs, which covered the PAX6 gene, and found no association between PAX6 and refractive error. However, more recent studies have suggested there is an association between the PAX6 gene and high myopia (Tsai et al., 2008; Han et al., 2009). It seems an association may exist but due to the lack of evidence further investigation is required to fully understand the potential influence of the PAX6 gene in myopia development. TGIF The transforming growth ÃŽ ²-induced factor (TGIF) gene functions as a transcriptional repressor. Mutations in TGIF have been identfied in patients with holoprosencephaly; a common congenital forebrain development defect (Satoh et al., 2008). Young et al. (1998) identified MYP2 locus on chromosome 18p11.31 to be associated with autosomal dominant high myopia. The TGIF gene has been mapped to be located within the MYP2 interval and therefore is considered as a candidate gene for MYP2-associated high myopia. However, studies investigating the relationship between TGIF and high myopia have not found any association (Scavello et al., 2004; Hasumi et al., 2006; Wang et al., 2009) Although experimental science has found a strong expression of TGIF in mice during early stages of retinal development (Satoh et al., 2008), the exact role of TGIF in neural development is not fully understood. Further research is required to determine the underlying mechanisms and influence of TGIF in developmental processes. HGF The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been found to be strongly linked to determining the eye size in mice i.e. causing myopia (Zhou et al., 1999). HGF has also been closely associated with biological mechanisms influencing axial myopia such as critical scleral remolding proteinases (Hamasuna et al., 1999; Gong et al., 2003). This makes HGF a potential candidate gene for myopia. A recent family-based study found a positive association between a HGF gene polymorphism and high myopia in the Han Chinese population (Han et al.,2006). However, another study by Wang et al. (2009) found little association between HGF and myopia. It seems many candidate genes have been suggested to be associated with myopia, particularly with high myopia loci, but none of them have been proven to be clearly involved (Scavello et al., 2004; Young, T. L., 2004; Wang et al., 2009). Environmental Influence Normally in humans the eyes develop from neonatal hypermetropia to emmetropia in the early years of life (Fredrick, 2002). However, this same process in animal models can be disrupted by environmental factors. Experimental animal studies have shown that if an image is not allowed to be focussed on the retina, either by suturing eyelids or placing diffusers over the eye, then myopia will develop (Wallman et al., 1978; Raviola et al., 1985; Siegwart et al., 1998). In human infants naturally occuring diseases, such as congenital cataracts and periocular haemangiomas, cause similar vision deprivation. In eyes that are left untreated, axial elongation and myopia develops (Hoyt et al., 1981; Fredrick, 2002), however not all these patients develop myopia (Young et al., 2007). Therefore the emmetropisation process may be sensitive to envronmental factors but it is not solely influenced by them. Myopia prevalence is increasing and becoming a more significant public health problem (Saw et al., 1996; Fredrick, 2002; Paluru et al., 2003). The use-abuse theory suggests that near work causes myopia, therefore people that are highly educated are more like to be myopic than others (Saw et al., 1996). However educational attainment is related to intellect which is strongly influenced by genes, therefore the use-abuse theory should not be solely considered as an environmental factor (Dirani et al., 2008b). Differences in myopia prevalence between the old and new generations also suggest that myopia is more likely to be influenced by environmental changes, such as increased near work like surfing the internet, rather than genetic changes. However, even in these modern times with a high incidence of myopia, there are individuals that do not develop myopia. This supports the theory of influential interaction between genetics and environment factors i.e. some individuals are genetically predisposed that makes them more susceptible to develop myopia due to environmental risk factors, such as near work (Lyhne et al., 2001). Gene-environment interaction In this theory it is assumed that myopia results from both genetic and environmental factors. This means that in the parental generation, those that have myopia genes may not develop myopia due to lack of exposure to environmental risk factors and those that have no myopia genes but are exposed to the environmental risk may become myopic. Therefore this makes it very difficult to study the potential impact of this theory, particularly where there are large changes in the environment and prevalence of myopia between old and new generations (Morgan et al., 2005). Saw et al. (2001) found that although a gene-environment interaction may exist for myopia, the association between near work and myopia is different for children with no, one or two myopic parents. The study found that children can be classified as high or low-risk depending on if parental myopia exists e.g. those with two myopic parents and high environmental exposure have a significatntly higher chance of developing myopia compared to those on the opposite scale. However, it is not known whether family history is a factor due mainly to inheritance or to common lifestyle, nor is it known how inheritance might interact with nearwork (Goss, 2000). In 2001 Lyhne et al. performed a study to investigate the genetic and environmental impact on myopia. The study found a strong heritability value for myopia but no significant environmental impact. Other studies have also explored the complex gene-environment theory but have not found any conclusive results (Zadnik et al., 1994; Saw et al., 2001). Many studies looking at the potential interaction between genes and environment use a classic quantitative method to analyse their results. This method does not take into account the potential influence of gene-environment interactions. Therefore to get a true quantitative estimation of interaction the model needs to include a very large population sample with reliable information on early life environmental encounters, such as study habits (Lyhne et al., 2001). However, the environment may have a significant influence, especially when you compare the increasing prevalence of myopia with the modern world where there is better educational, increasing computer usage and mobile phones etc. The gene-environment interaction theory needs to be investigated further to help understand the relative influence of individual factors and how they work together. DISCUSSION It is generally accepted that myopia is a complex disease and its increasing prevalence is becoming a more significant public health problem; there is the social impact of visual disability and economic impact of treatment costs. This has instigated many research projects to help identify underlying mechanisms influencing myopia onset and progression. Current mapping techniques include linkage-analysis and association studies Credibility of  Mapping Techniques Each has its own advantages and researchers tend to use a combination of mapping techniques to help identify myopia loci and study potential disease genes. Many myopia loci have been identified and candidate genes have been suggested, but no specific genes have been identified to cause myopia. Results from family studies and twin studies have suggested there is a strong genetic influence in myopia development. However, the genes involved in complex or multi-factorial diseases are difficult to identify and their influence may be affected by unrelated genes and environment (Young, 2004). Therefore when selecting samples for studies care needs to be taken to ensure any discrepancies are kept to a minimum and taken into account when interpreting results. Other factors such as environment have also been implicated in the development of myopia, especially when looking at results from animal studies. The main environmental risk factor is considered to be increasing near work but there are possibly other environmental aspects to also consider such as personality, social and cultural factors. Understanding each factor in association to myopia will help further understand the environmental influence and the extent of interaction between genes and environment. This gives rise to the gene-environment theory which is very difficult to study. This is because myopia is a complex disease where several different influential factors may need to be taken into consideration when performing a study. Again much more investigative research is required to understand and add substance to this theory. In 2003 the 13-year Human Genome Project was completed and identified approximately all the genes in the human DNA. Currently analysis of the data is continuing through many research projects. Further advancements in genetic research and technology will definitely benefit the human population and hopefully ongoing research will eventually give us a much better insight into the underlying mechanisms of myopia development. This will in turn help determine the relative influence between genetics and environment, and eventually help develop better therapies to manage myopia.

Rainbow’s End, Dolly + Errol

Dolly and errol’s relationship boundaries An individuals lifestyle may prevent them from developing a sense of belonging. This idea is supported when Errol comes to see Dolly and she is too embarrassed to invite him inside Attempt to belong Dolly’s fears rejection, therefore doesn’t invite him inside. A person’s culture may result in them struggling to find acceptance. The quote, â€Å"you’re white, i’m aboriginal’ is symbolic of the division among different cultures in Dolly and Errol’s society and implies Dolly is aware of their differences.Microcosmic world Juxtaposition of division of cultures in society The Quote. â€Å"Except their segregated† explores the challenges associated with barriers that precent love an acceptance, and here, Dolly’s rejection against Errol’s efforts are evident. Again, Errol comments on the weather in the quote â€Å" it’s a beautiful day† which reveals his atte mpt to connect with Dolly. Her response, â€Å"it’s stinking hot† reveals her sense of rejection and negativity towards his positivity.She’s a realist, pessimistic and he’s positive – optimistic The quote â€Å" you people? † is significant in establishing Dolly’s place in the world and implies she finds it hard to belong because of her culture An individual may contribute to another person’s sense of belonging. This idea is supported when Gladys forces Dolly and Errol’s relationship as she wants to provide opportunities for her daughter The quote â€Å" Are you saying you’d rather live in a humpy by the river when i’m promising you the world? suggests Errol believes Dolly’s lifestyle prevents her from belonging. Like Gladys, he too wants Dolly to succeed in life Dolly rejects Errol as she knows that they should not have any communication with each other not to mention falling in love with each othe r, she knows that if she takes a step further with the relationship that she currently has with Errol it could lead to the deterioration of their social status in the society especially for Errol.

Name the Strong Acids and Worlds Strongest Acid

Most of the standardized tests students take, like the SAT and GRE, are based on your ability to reason or to understand a concept. The emphasis isnt on memorization. However, in chemistry there are some things you just have to commit to memory. Youll remember the symbols for the first few elements and their atomic masses and certain constants just from using them. On the other hand, its harder to remember the names and structures of the amino acids and the strong acids. The good news, regarding the strong acids, is any other acid is a weak acid. The strong acids dissociate completely in water. Strong Acids You Should Know HCl - hydrochloric acidHNO3 - nitric acidH2SO4 - sulfuric acidHBr - hydrobromic acidHI - hydroiodic acidHClO4 - perchloric acid The Worlds Strongest Acid Although this is the strong acid list, probably found in every chemistry text, none of these acids hold the title of Worlds Strongest Acid. The record-holder used to be fluorosulfuric acid (HFSO3), but the carborane superacids are hundreds of times stronger than fluorosulfuric acid and over a million times stronger than concentrated sulfuric acid. The superacids readily release protons, which is a slightly different criterion for acid strength than the ability to dissociate to release a H ion (a proton). Strong Is Different from Corrosive The carborane acids are incredible proton donors, yet they are not highly corrosive. Corrosiveness is related to the negatively-charged part of the acid. Hydrofluoric acid (HF), for example, is so corrosve it dissolves glass. The fluoride ion attacks the silicon atom in silica glass while the proton is interacting with oxygen. Even though it is highly corrosive, hydrofluoric acid is not considered to be a strong acid because it does not completely dissociate in water.Strength of Acids Bases | Titration Basics

The Physics Of The Periodic Table - 919 Words

Group 14 of the periodic table contains a mixture of non-metals (carbon and silicon), a metalloid (germanium), and two metals ( tin and lead). Tin is able to form dihalides and tetrahalides such as SnI2 and SnI4. However, lead will not form tetrahalides as readily as tin3. The tetrahalides of lead will decompose into dihalides due to their instability 3. The stability of the compounds is based on their respective oxidation states. Periodic trends suggest that group 14 oxidation states are normally - 4 as it is increasingly energetically favorable for them to accept electrons in order to complete their valence shells 3. However, due to the metallic properties of tin and lead, they generally lose electrons and therefore have a positive oxidation state. It is a characteristic trend to see heavier elements of the p block forming compounds in which their oxidation number is 2 (less than the group number 3 ). The heavier the atom, the more stable it is in the lower oxidation state. This is due to the inert pair effect 3. This can be correlated to the amount of energy needed to remove an electron (ionization energy), since in the higher oxidation state the p-block electrons and the s-block electrons are removed, while in the lower oxidation state, it is only the p-electrons that are removed and thus, the overall ionization energy is lower. The general periodic trend is that the ionization energy is generally lower for heavy metals, which results in the lower oxidation state beingShow MoreRelatedPhysics Of The Periodic Table1506 Words   |  7 PagesThe Periodic Table Chemically speaking, the periodic table was a major factor in improving the study of elements, in which then the study of these elements expands into broader studies such as atoms and sub-atoms. This essay will talk about the history of the development of the periodic table and will further discuss the how and why it was created. 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